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Sources

The full list of the datasets behind every figure on this site, grouped by publisher, with the date each was released or revised, the date we retrieved it and a link to the original.

How sources are cited on the pages

Every figure on a page carries a numbered footnote; the list of notes at the foot of each page names the dataset and its date. The availability data are the FCC's National Broadband Map files for the latest release, with data as of June 30, 2026, and for two earlier releases used to measure change. Everything else is listed below.

The sources registry

169 datasets, grouped by publisher. The same registry is available as JSON.

Army

  • Home :: U.S. Army Fort Hood. Retrieved November 13, 2026. home.army.mil

California Public Utilities Commission

  • BEAD Challenge Process. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.cpuc.ca.gov
  • BEAD Subgrantee Selection - Updated. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.cpuc.ca.gov
  • CPUC Approves Verizon Frontier Acquisition with Strong Consumer Protections and Oversight. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.cpuc.ca.gov
  • docs.cpuc.ca.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. docs.cpuc.ca.gov

Census Bureau

  • 2020 Census Block Assignment Files (block to place). Released December 11, 2020. Public domain. www2.census.gov
  • American Community Survey 2015-2019 5-year detailed tables. Released 2020-12 (not re-verified 2026-11-13). Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work; API metadata: CC0 1.0). api.census.gov
  • American Community Survey 2019 1-year detailed tables. Released 2020-09 (not re-verified 2026-11-13). Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work; API metadata: CC0 1.0). api.census.gov
  • American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year detailed tables. Released January 29, 2026. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work; API metadata: CC0 1.0). api.census.gov
  • American Community Survey 2024 1-year detailed tables. Released 2025-09 (per Census 2024 release schedule; not re-verified 2026-11-13). Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work; API metadata: CC0 1.0). api.census.gov
  • American Community Survey 2025 1-year detailed tables. 2025 (calendar-year sample). Released October 29, 2026. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work; API metadata: CC0 1.0). api.census.gov
  • Block Assignment Files. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.census.gov
  • Cartographic boundary file cb_2025_us_county_5m (2025). Public domain. www2.census.gov
  • Cartographic boundary file cb_2025_us_place_500k (2025). Public domain. www2.census.gov
  • Cartographic boundary file cb_2025_us_state_20m (2025). Public domain. www2.census.gov
  • Gazetteer Files. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.census.gov
  • Geography Program Glossary. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.census.gov
  • Using 1-Year or 5-Year American Community Survey Data. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.census.gov
  • Vintage 2025 population estimates (states, counties, cities and towns). July 1, 2025. Released May 14, 2026. Public domain. www.census.gov

Company or utility (own statement)

Company press release (Business Wire)

Creative Commons

  • Deed - Attribution 4.0 International - Creative Commons. Retrieved November 13, 2026. creativecommons.org

Department of the Treasury

  • Capital Projects Fund Awards Made to States, Territories, and Freely Associated States, to date (Total CPF Allocation table). Allocations under ARPA sec. 604 (awards announced 2022-06 to 2023). Released Page checked 2026-11-13; period of performance extended to 2027-12-31 (notice dated 2026-10-23). Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work). home.treasury.gov
  • spending_by_award API for Assistance Listings 10.752 (ReConnect / Rural eConnectivity) and 10.863 (Community Connect). Awards with action dates FY2008 to 2026-09-30. Released Continuously updated; pulled 2026-11-13. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work). api.usaspending.gov

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations

  • eCFR :: 47 CFR 54.400 -- Terms and definitions.. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.ecfr.gov

FCC

  • 2026 Section 706 Report (FCC 26-55). Released August 14, 2026. U.S. Government work (public domain). docs.fcc.gov
  • 2026 Urban Rate Survey results and reasonable comparability benchmarks (DA 25-1088). Released December 19, 2025. U.S. Government work (public domain). docs.fcc.gov
  • broadbandmap.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandmap.fcc.gov
  • docs.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. docs.fcc.gov
  • docs.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. docs.fcc.gov
  • docs.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. docs.fcc.gov
  • Form 477 fixed broadband deployment area tables, December 2016 to June 2021. Public Domain U.S. Government. opendata.fcc.gov
  • Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2025. Released November 2026. U.S. Government work (public domain). docs.fcc.gov
  • National Broadband Map (address search and challenge process). Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandmap.fcc.gov
  • National Broadband Map summary by geography (unit-weighted), as of June 30, 2026. FCC file revision of November 10, 2026. U.S. Government work (public domain). broadbandmap.fcc.gov
  • National Broadband Map, data as of December 31, 2025. Availability as of December 31, 2025. FCC file revision of November 3, 2026. Retrieved November 14, 2026. U.S. Government work (public domain); FCC Public Data API terms. broadbandmap.fcc.gov
  • National Broadband Map, data as of June 30, 2022. Availability as of June 30, 2022. FCC file revision of May 10, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2026. U.S. Government work (public domain); FCC Public Data API terms. broadbandmap.fcc.gov
  • National Broadband Map, data as of June 30, 2026. Availability as of June 30, 2026. FCC file revision of November 10, 2026. Retrieved November 14, 2026. U.S. Government work (public domain); FCC Public Data API terms. broadbandmap.fcc.gov
  • us-fcc.app.box.com. Retrieved November 13, 2026. us-fcc.app.box.com
  • www.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.fcc.gov
  • www.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.fcc.gov
  • www.fcc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.fcc.gov

Federal Register (GovInfo)

  • Federal Register, Volume 87 Issue 108 (Monday, June 6, 2022). Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.govinfo.gov

Google (official blog)

  • Google Fiber—on the Silicon Prairie, the Silicon Hills and now the Silicon Slopes. Retrieved November 13, 2026. blog.google
  • Official Google Blog: Ultra high-speed broadband is coming to Kansas City, Kansas. Retrieved November 13, 2026. googleblog.blogspot.com

Mississippi Legislature

National Park Service

  • Kalaupapa National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service). Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.nps.gov

NTIA

  • NTIA Data Explorer "Analyze Table" (ntia-analyze-table.csv), survey of November 2021. Released Analyze Table file last-modified 2024-06-06. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work). www.ntia.gov
  • NTIA Data Explorer "Analyze Table" (ntia-analyze-table.csv), survey of November 2023. November 2023 (also all prior waves 1994-2021). Released Analyze Table file last-modified 2024-06-06. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work). www.ntia.gov
  • www.ntia.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.ntia.gov

NTIA BroadbandUSA

  • BEAD Award Recipients pages (Funding Amount per state/territory). Allocations announced 2023-06-26. Released June 26, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work). broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • BEAD Final Proposal Overview one-page PDFs (BEAD_FP_Overview_XX.pdf), linked from each state award-recipient page. Released Rolling, 2025-11 to 2026-04. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work). broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program | BroadbandUSA. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program | BroadbandUSA. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • broadbandusa.ntia.gov. Retrieved November 14, 2026. broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • broadbandusa.ntia.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • broadbandusa.ntia.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandusa.ntia.gov
  • District of Columbia | BroadbandUSA. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadbandusa.ntia.gov

SEC EDGAR filing

State or local government

  • Alabama Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program – ADECA. Retrieved November 13, 2026. adeca.alabama.gov
  • BEAD. Retrieved November 13, 2026. oklahoma.gov
  • BEAD. Retrieved November 13, 2026. connect.nm.gov
  • BEAD - Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.osit.nv.gov
  • BEAD Application | BEAM. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.beam.ms.gov
  • BEAD Challenge – Washington State Department of Commerce. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.commerce.wa.gov
  • BEAD Final Proposal | Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 13, 2026. ded.mo.gov
  • BEAD Grant Applications | Georgia Broadband Program. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.georgia.gov
  • BEAD Program. Retrieved November 13, 2026. portal.ct.gov
  • BEAD Program. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.commerce.fl.gov
  • BEAD Subgrantee Selection | ncbroadband.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.ncbroadband.gov
  • Broadband | North Dakota Information Technology. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.ndit.nd.gov
  • Broadband Equity Access and Deployment - Kansas Commerce. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.kansascommerce.gov
  • Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) Program. Retrieved November 13, 2026. dceo.illinois.gov
  • Broadband Equity Access and Deployment | Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development. Retrieved November 13, 2026. dhcd.maryland.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access and Deployment (BEAD). Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.nj.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access and Deployment (BEAD) Program | DHCD. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.dhcd.virginia.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) / Digital Equity (DE) | Montana Department of Administration. Retrieved November 13, 2026. doa.mt.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program - Pennsylvania Broadband Development Authority. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.pa.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program | Delaware Broadband Office. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.delaware.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program | Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 13, 2026. ded.mo.gov
  • Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program | Department of Management. Retrieved November 13, 2026. dom.iowa.gov
  • broadband.colorado.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.colorado.gov
  • broadband.ky.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.ky.gov
  • broadband.nebraska.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.nebraska.gov
  • broadband.ny.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.ny.gov
  • broadband.ny.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.ny.gov
  • Business Oregon : Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) : Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) : State of Oregon. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.oregon.gov
  • Cable and Broadband in Alexandria | City of Alexandria, VA. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.alexandriava.gov
  • Challenge Process | BEAM. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.beam.ms.gov
  • Connect LA | GUMBO 2.0 (BEAD). Retrieved November 13, 2026. connect.la.gov
  • Hawaiʻi BEAD Final Proposal | Connect Kākou. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.hawaii.edu
  • Huntsville Utilities to Build a Fiber Network Throughout the City - City of Huntsville. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.huntsvilleal.gov
  • Indiana Broadband: BEAD Final Proposal & Subgrant Agreements. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.in.gov
  • Legislature's Investments in Broadband Under Hosemann Result in 100,000 Subscribers Through Electric Co-Ops - Delbert Hosemann Lt Gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. ltgovhosemann.ms.gov
  • LFT Fiber | Lafayette Consolidated Government. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.lafayettela.gov
  • linkup.idaho.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. linkup.idaho.gov
  • Ontario Broadband | City of Ontario, California. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.ontarioca.gov
  • ors.sc.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. ors.sc.gov
  • PSC Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Grant. Retrieved November 13, 2026. psc.wi.gov
  • Radware Bot Manager Captcha. Retrieved November 13, 2026. mn.gov
  • Sub-Grantee Selection Process. Retrieved November 13, 2026. dceo.illinois.gov
  • The Arkansas BEAD Program - Arkansas State Broadband Office. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.arkansas.gov
  • Utah BEAD Final Proposal and Public Comment | Connecting Utah. Retrieved November 13, 2026. connecting.utah.gov
  • West Virginia Broadband Investment Plan - WV Broadband. Retrieved November 13, 2026. broadband.wv.gov
  • www.centennialco.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.centennialco.gov
  • www.commerce.alaska.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.commerce.alaska.gov
  • www.dhcd.virginia.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.dhcd.virginia.gov
  • www.hillsboro-oregon.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.hillsboro-oregon.gov
  • www.michigan.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.michigan.gov
  • www.tn.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.tn.gov

Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts

Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas

Universal Service Administrative Co.

  • Lifeline Disbursements (opendata.usac.org tfxa-gt3x), claims aggregated server-side. Support months 2018-01 to 2026-09. Released Dataset updated 2026-10-15. Retrieved November 13, 2026. CC0 1.0 (per dataset metadata). opendata.usac.org

University of Tennessee Institute for Public Service

  • Broadband Update: Public Broadband is Coming to Knoxville | Institute for Public Service. Retrieved November 13, 2026. smart.tennessee.edu

US Internet Map

  • Review of six provider-comparison websites, Columbus, Ohio pages. Retrieved November 13, 2026.

USAC

  • ACP Enrollment and Claims Tracker - Universal Service Administrative Company. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.usac.org
  • ACP Enrollments by County as of February 8, 2024 (enrollment freeze). Enrolled households as of 2024-02-08 (Data Month January 2024 file). Released 2024 (ACP ended 2024-06-01 when funding ran out). Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work); USAC website terms. www.usac.org
  • Affordable Connectivity Program - Universal Service Administrative Company. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.usac.org
  • CAF Disbursements and Locations Data (hghw-69cg) and CAF Locations Obligation and Deployment by Speed Tier Data (99nv-p7fk). Released Datasets updated 2026-08-07. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public Domain (per dataset metadata). opendata.usac.org
  • High Cost: Connect America Fund Broadband Map (CAF Map) location-level data (r59r-rpip), aggregated server-side to county. Deployments reported through filing year 2025. Released Dataset updated 2026-06-11. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public Domain (per dataset metadata). opendata.usac.org
  • Lifeline - Universal Service Administrative Company. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.usac.org
  • Lifeline participation rate: JUN2026 data-month subscribers vs 2024 ACS Lifeline-eligible households (20260817_JUN2026-2024-ACS-LL-Participation-Rate.xlsx). Subscribers: June 2026 data month; eligible households: USAC estimate from 2024 ACS. Released August 17, 2026. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work); USAC website terms. www.usac.org
  • Lifeline Subscribers by County by Service Type (Lifeline-Subscribers-by-County-by-Service-Type-2.xlsx, sheet Data_2_22_2026). Data month December 2025. Released Server last-modified 2026-04-14. Retrieved November 13, 2026. Public domain (U.S. Government work); USAC website terms. www.usac.org

Vermont Department of Public Service

  • Vermont Community Broadband Board: Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment program. Retrieved November 13, 2026. publicservice.vermont.gov

Washington State Legislature

WEKU (public radio news)

  • Lexington Council Approves New Cable Franchise | WEKU. Retrieved November 13, 2026. www.weku.org